The Class 12 Accounting curriculum is designed to move beyond basic bookkeeping and into the realm of Corporate and Cost Accounting. It provides students with a technical understanding of how large business organizations (companies) manage their finances and how costs are calculated for production. The course is divided into four major pillars:

Learn how to record the issuance of shares and debentures, which is the backbone of corporate finance.Gain knowledge about the legal and financial steps required to start a public or private company.

Unit 1: Company Accounting

1.1 Corporate Concept

Company: Meaning, features, private vs. public company.

Company documents: Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Prospectus.

1.2 Accounting for Share

Share Capital: Meaning, types, features of shares.

Ordinary vs. Preference shares.

Provisions of Nepal Company Act.

Methods of issue: Lump-sum, installments, forfeiture, re-issue, minimum subscription, under/over-subscription.

Issue of shares: At par, premium, discount, for cash, and for consideration other than cash.

1.3 Accounting for Debentures

Debentures: Meaning, features, importance, types.

Difference between shares and debentures.

Issue of debentures: For cash, for consideration other than cash, as collateral security.

Redemption: Lump-sum, installment, conversion.

Unit 2: Company Financial Statements

2.1 Corporate Financial Statements

Preparation of financial statements (traditional & modern under NAS/NFRS).

With and without adjustments.

Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

2.2 Worksheet

Worksheet: Meaning, need, and preparation.

2.3 Cash Flow Statement

Meaning, importance.

Direct and indirect methods (based on worksheet or comparative balance sheet).

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Unit 3: Cost Accounting

3.1 Concept of Cost Accounting

Meaning, objectives, importance, limitations.

Difference between cost and financial accounting.

Methods of costing.

3.1.2 Cost Concepts and Classification

Meaning and types of cost.

3.2 Material and Material Control Accounting

Meaning, objectives, purchase procedure.

Centralized vs. decentralized purchasing.

Material storage and storekeeper duties.

Valuation methods: FIFO, LIFO, Average.

Stock levels and EOQ.

3.3 Accounting for Labor

Meaning, importance.

Labor cost control.

Wage systems: Piece rate, Time rate.

3.4 Accounting for Overhead

Meaning, classification.

Allocation, apportionment, absorption.

3.5 Unit or Production Cost Determination

Meaning, elements, importance.

Cost sheet: Historical and Tender.

3.7 Cost Reconciliation Statement

Meaning, reasons for differences.

Preparation of reconciliation statement.

Unit 4: Use of Computers in Accounting

4.1 Use of Computers in Accounting

Computer system: Meaning, elements, importance, limitations.

Accounting process & information sources.

Excel tasks: Depreciation schedule, loan amortization, payroll sheet.

4.1.2 Use of Accounting Software

Features of accounting software.

Company creation, masters, and report generation.