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Class 10 Compulsory Science and Technologyकक्षा १० विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि — SEE notes & solutions

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Compulsory Science and Technology

Subject Code: RE - 1041'BP'

Course Title: Compulsory Science and Technology

Course No: RE - 1041'BP'

Nature of Course: Theory & Practical

Full Marks: 75

Pass Marks:

Credit Hours: 0

Course Description

Class 10 Science and Technology integrates foundational scientific principles across Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology, and Astronomy, alongside modern technological applications.

Course Objective

The course bridges theoretical inquiry and practical laboratory experimentation, emphasizing empirical observation, scientific inquiry, environmental awareness, and technological literacy to prepare students for higher-level STEM disciplines and daily problem-solving.

Course Contents

Unit 1: Scientific Learning 

Scientific Learning (वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन) serves as the foundational chapter that introduces students to the scientific method, experimental variables, standard units of measurement, and dimensional validation of formulas.

Unit 2: Classification of Living Beings

Classification of Living Beings (जीवहरूको वर्गीकरण) focuses on organizing organisms into hierarchical groups based on evolutionary relationships, cellular complexity, body organization, and mode of nutrition.

Unit 3: Honey Bee

Honey Bee (मौरी) is studied as a beneficial social insect exhibiting a caste system, division of labor, and complete metamorphosis.

Unit 4: Heridity

Heredity (वंशाणुक्रम) covers the transmission of physical and physiological characteristics from parents to offspring, the cellular structures responsible for inheritance, and the foundational laws discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel.

Unit 5: Physiological Structure And Life Processes

Physiological Structure and Life Processes (शारीरिक बनावट र जीवन प्रक्रिया) examines the vital organ systems responsible for maintaining internal balance (homeostasis) in the human body.

Unit 6: Nature and Environment

Nature and Environment (प्रकृति र वातावरण) focuses on the structural and functional units of ecology, energy transfer across trophic levels, biogeochemical recycling, and modern environmental crises along with sustainable mitigation strategies.

Unit 7: Force and Motion

Force and Motion covers gravitational interactions, free fall, weightlessness, and the distinction between mass and weight.

Unit 8: Pressure

Pressure examines the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases), hydraulic transmission, buoyant forces, and the physical laws governing flotation.

Unit 9: Heat Energy 

Heat Energy covers the molecular nature of thermal energy, thermometry, heat capacity, the heat equation, and the principle of calorimetry.

Unit 10: Waves

Waves covers the transmission of energy through wave motion, the classification of mechanical and electromagnetic waves, sound wave propagation, and the wave equation.

Unit 11: Electricity and Magnetism

Electricity and Magnetism explores the magnetic effects of electric current, electromagnetic induction, electrical machines (generators, motors, and transformers), and household electrical safety.

Unit 12: Universe

Universe explores the origin of the cosmos, the evolution and death of stars, galactic structures, and astronomical measurement units.

Unit 13: Information and Communication Technology

Information and Communication Technology covers the core systems used to generate, transmit, process, store, and secure digital data across modern communication networks.

Unit 14: Classification of Elements

Classification of Elements covers the organization of chemical elements based on their atomic structure, comparing Mendeleev's periodic system with the Modern Periodic Table, subshell electronic configurations, and periodic trends.

Unit 15: Chemical Reaction

Chemical Reaction covers the mechanisms through which substances transform into new chemical species, reaction types, energy changes, balancing chemical equations, and the factors controlling reaction rates.

Unit 16: Some Gases

Some Gases focuses on the laboratory preparation, physical and chemical properties, tests, and industrial applications of two essential gases: Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia.

Unit 17: Metals and Non Metals

Metals and Non-Metals covers the physical and chemical distinctions between metallic and non-metallic elements, the reactivity series, metallurgy (extraction of metals, particularly iron, copper, and aluminium), and common alloys.

Unit 18: Hydrocarbon and Its Compounds

Hydrocarbon and Its Compounds covers organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, IUPAC nomenclature, homologous series, isomerism, and the properties of common derivatives like alcohols and ethers.

Unit 19: Chemicals used in daily life

Chemicals Used in Daily Life explores the manufacture, chemical nature, mechanisms of action, and impacts of common domestic and industrial materials: salts, soaps and detergents, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, and ceramics/glass.