BITM Digital Logic

bitmsemester 2

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to Digital Logic, covering the fundamental principles, analysis techniques, and design methodologies of digital circuits and systems.

Chapter Wise Notes Question Banks Syllabus Chapter Wise Questions Viva Practical

Digital Logic

Subject Code: ITM151

Course Title: Digital Logic

Course No: ITM151

Nature of Course: Theory & Practical

Full Marks: 60

Pass Marks: 30

Credit Hours: 3

Course Description

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to Digital Logic, covering the fundamental principles, analysis techniques, and design methodologies of digital circuits and systems. Beginning with number systems and digital codes, the course progresses through combinational logic design, sequential logic design, register and counter architectures, sequential machine design, and the characteristics of digital integrated circuits. Students develop a solid understanding of how digital systems are conceived, analyzed, and constructed from basic logic gates up to complex integrated circuit devices. The course bridges foundational IT knowledge with the hardware principles that underpin all modern computing technology, equipping students of the Bachelor of Information Technology and Management program to understand and reason about the digital systems they will develop, manage, and deploy throughout their careers. Equal emphasis is placed on theoretical understanding and hands-on laboratory work, preparing students for advanced courses in computer organization, microprocessors, and embedded systems.

Course Objective

By the end of this course, students will be able to Knowledge Describe the fundamental principles of digital versus analog signals and explain the structure and application of digital number systems including binary, octal, hexadecimal, BCD, Gray code, and alphanumeric codes. Explain the operation of basic, universal, and exclusive logic gates and apply De’Morgan’s laws and Boolean algebra to analyze and simplify digital expressions. Identify the design procedures and functional characteristics of combinational logic circuits including adders, subtractors, multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, decoders, and comparators. Describe the operation of latches, flip-flops (SR, D, T, JK), registers, and counters, and explain their role in sequential logic systems. Recall the principles of synchronous sequential machine design including state diagrams, transition tables, excitation maps, and circuit realization. Identify the electrical characteristics and circuit configurations of digital integrated circuit. Skills Convert numbers between decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, BCD, Excess-3, and Gray code representations and perform binary arithmetic using 1’s and 2’s complement. Design and simplify combinational logic circuits using Karnaugh maps, Boolean algebra, and sum-of-product / product-of-sum methods. Implement and analyze combinational circuits such as adders, multiplexers, encoders, and decoders from problem specifications to gate-level schematics. Design synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits including flip-flop conversions, registers, mod-n counters, and sequence detectors. Construct and test digital circuits in the laboratory using ICs, breadboards, and measuring instruments. Competency Apply digital logic design methodologies to solve problems involving data encoding, computation, control, and communication relevant to information technology systems. Appreciate the significance of digital logic as the foundational building block of all modern computing and information technology systems, connecting hardware principles to software and system-level IT practice.

Course Contents

Course Contents	Teaching Methodology	Teaching Hours
Unit 1: Introduction (6 Hrs.)
Digital versus analog signals	Lecture/Lab
Digital integrated circuits (Advantage, Characteristics and Level of Integration)
Digital system applications
Digital codes and conversions
Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal codes
BCD code
Excess-3 code
Gray code
Alphanumeric codes: ASCII code and EBCDIC code
Binary addition and subtraction
1’s complement and 2’s complement
Signed number representation
Unit 2: Logic Gates (3 Hrs.)
Basic gates, Derived gates and Universal gates (NAND, NOR) and their equivalents	Lecture/Lab
Realization of different gates using Universal gates
Applications of logic gates
Unit 3: Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification (8 Hrs.)
Boolean algebra and its laws	Lecture/Lab
Demorgan’s Theorem
Simplification of Boolean expressions
Minterms and maxterms
Sum-of-product (SOP) and product-of-sum (POS) methods
Truth tables and Karnaugh map (Up to Four variables)
Don’t care conditions
Boolean Function simplification using Quine-McCluskey Method/Tabulation Method
Unit 4: Combinational Logic Circuits (12 Hrs.)
Design procedures	Lecture/Lab
Half-adder and full-adder design
Half-subtractor and full-subtractor design
Binary adder design
BCD adder design
Encoder designs
Decoder designs
Multiplexers design
Boolean function implementation using multiplexer
Demultiplexer design
Seven-segment decoder
Magnitude comparators
Code Converter
Programmable Logic Devices (PLA and PAL design)
Unit 5: Sequential Logic Circuits (6 Hrs.)
Latches and flip-flops: SR, D, T and JK	Lecture/Lab
Characteristics Table
Excitation tables and characteristic equations of all flip flops
Master-slave flip-flops
Flip-flop applications
Unit 6: Registers and Counters (10 Hrs.)
Register	Lecture/Lab
Shift Register (SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO and Bidirectional Registers)
Data transfer timing diagrams
Asynchronous counters (Up, Down, Mod-N and UP/Down asynchronous counters)
Synchronous counters (Up, down, Mod-N, UP/Down synchronous counters)
Shift Register Counter
Register and counter applications
Unit 7: Sequential Machine Designs (3 Hrs.)
Sequential Machine design procedures: state diagram (introduction and example only)	Lecture/Lab
Transition/ State tables
Reduction of Redundant states
binary assignment tables
Excitation Table and output table
derivation of flip-flop input and Circuit output function, design of a circuit diagram

Text Books

1. Floyd, T. L. (2015). Digital fundamentals. Pearson Education.
2. Mano, M. M. (1995). Digital logic and computer design (Latest Edition). Prentice Hall.
3. Leach, D. P., Malvino, A. P., & Saha, G. (2012). Digital principles and applications (8th ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Lab Works

Students are required to complete hands-on circuit construction and verification exercises for each unit. The following practical tasks are prescribed (45 Practical Hours):
Lab 1: Verify the truth tables of basic gates (AND, OR, NOT), universal gates (NAND, NOR), and exclusive gates (XOR, XNOR) using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 2: Demonstrate De’Morgan’s theorem experimentally using NAND and NOR gates; verify equivalent circuit implementations using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 3: Design and construct half-adder, full-adder, half-subtractor, and full-subtractor using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 4: Design and construct encoder (4-to-2, 8-to-3) and decoder (2-to-4, 3-to-8, BCD decoder) and verify their operations using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 5: Design and construct multiplexers (4-to-1, 8-to-1) and demultiplexer (1-to-4, 1-to-8) circuits using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 6: Design and construct any three-code converter using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board
Lab 7: Build and analyze SR latch, gated SR latch, and T flip-flop circuits; observe triggering behavior using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 8: Construct D flip-flop and JK flip-flop circuits; implement a master-slave JK flip-flop and observe its behavior using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 9: Design and observe SISO, SIPO shift register using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 10: Design and observe PISO, and PIPO shift register using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 11: Design and observe bidirectional shift register configurations using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 12: Design and test a 3-bit and a 4-bit asynchronous (ripple) counter; observe modulus and up/down counting behavior on LEDs using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.
Lab 13: Design and test a 3-bit and a 4-bit synchronous counter; observe modulus and up/down counting behavior on LEDs using ICs on a breadboard or Digital Circuit Trainer Board or available simulator tools.