BITM Structured Programming in C
bitmsemester 1
Structured Programming in C
Subject Code: ITM 102
Course Title: Structured Programming in C
Course No: ITM 102
Nature of Course: Theory & Practical
Full Marks: 60
Pass Marks: 30
Credit Hours: 3
Course Description
This course introduces students to the concepts of structured programming using C language. Students learn to write efficient, modular, and reusable code using variables, data types, control statements, functions, arrays, pointers, structures and unions, and file handling. The course emphasizes both theoretical understanding and practical application through hands-on coding exercises and projects. Upon completion, students will be able to design, develop, test, and debug programs effectively and will be prepared to advance to higher-level programming languages and software development courses.
Course Objective
By the end of this course, students will be able to
Understand the basic concepts of programming languages and the structure of C programs.
Demonstrate knowledge of C programming fundamentals, including syntax, data types, operators, and expressions.
Write and execute C programs using various programming constructs such as decision-making, looping, and functions.
Apply structured programming principles to design modular and efficient programs.
Utilize arrays, strings, pointers, and structures for solving computational problems.
Implement file handling and dynamic memory allocation for real-world applications.
Develop logical problem-solving skills to design and implement real-world solutions using the C language.
Course Contents
| Course Contents | Teaching Methodology | Teaching Hours |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1: Introduction to Programming Language (7 Hrs.) | ||
| Definition of programming language | Lecture/Lab | |
| Importance of programming in computing | ||
| Types of programming languages | ||
| Programming Approach: Concept and definition of Top-Down Approach and Bottom-Up Approach | ||
| Algorithm (Definition and characteristics, Basic Operations of an Algorithm with example) | ||
| Flowchart (Definition and symbols used, Guidelines for flowcharting, Conversion of algorithm to flowchart, Basic Operations of a flowchart with examples) | ||
| Unit 2: Basic Elements of C (6 Hrs.) | ||
| C Standards | Lecture/Lab | |
| Features of C | ||
| Structure of a C program | ||
| compilation and execution | ||
| Character Set | ||
| C Tokens (Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Strings, Operators, Delimiters) | ||
| Data Types | ||
| Escape Sequences | ||
| Variables, Constants (Literal Constants and Symbolic Constants) | ||
| Writing Comments | ||
| Expressions and Statements | ||
| Preprocessor Directives | ||
| Arithmetic Operators | ||
| Unary Operators | ||
| Relational and Logical Operators | ||
| The Comma Operator | ||
| Assignment Operators | ||
| The Conditional Operator | ||
| Size of Operator | ||
| Operator Precedence and Associativity | ||
| Unit 3: Data Input and Output (3 Hrs.) | ||
| Introduction | Lecture/Lab | |
| Single Character Input and Output | ||
| The printf() and scanf() Functions | ||
| Conversion Characters | ||
| Formatted and Unformatted I/O | ||
| Unit 4: Control Statements (6 Hrs.) | ||
| Introduction to simple and compound statement | Lecture/Lab | |
| Sequential statement | ||
| Branching statement (Simple if statement, if-else statement, Nested if-else statement, else-if ladder, switch statement, go to statement) | ||
| Looping statement (for loop, while loop, do while, Nested loop) | ||
| Loop interruption (break, continue) | ||
| Unit 5: Functions (5 Hrs.) | ||
| Introduction to function | Lecture/Lab | |
| Advantages of function | ||
| Types of Function (Built-in and user defined function) | ||
| Elements of user-defined function (Function definition, Function prototype, Function parameters) | ||
| Scope rules (Global Variables and Static Variables) | ||
| Category of User defined functions (Functions with no arguments and no return values, Functions with arguments and no return values, Functions with arguments and return values, Functions with no arguments and return values) | ||
| Recursive functions | ||
| Function call by values and reference | ||
| Unit 6: Arrays and Strings (5 Hrs.) | ||
| Defining and Processing Arrays | Lecture/Lab | |
| Types of Arrays: Single dimensional and Multidimensional | ||
| Array Initialization | ||
| Passing Arrays to Functions | ||
| Character Arrays | ||
| Strings | ||
| String Definition | ||
| NULL Character | ||
| String Initialization | ||
| Reading and Writing Strings | ||
| Processing Strings | ||
| Passing Strings to Functions | ||
| Library Functions for String Handling | ||
| Unit 7: Pointers (5 Hrs.) | ||
| Basics of Pointer | Lecture/Lab | |
| The & and * Operators | ||
| Pointer Declaration | ||
| Pointer Arithmetic | ||
| Pointers and Arrays | ||
| Dynamic Memory Allocation (malloc, calloc, free, realloc) | ||
| Operations on Pointers | ||
| Array of Pointers, Passing and Returning Pointers to/from a Function | ||
| Unit 8: Structures and Unions (5 Hrs.) | ||
| Defining a structure | Lecture/Lab | |
| Declaring and accessing structure elements | ||
| Initializing structure | ||
| Array of structure | ||
| Pointer within structure | ||
| Structure within structure | ||
| Array within structure | ||
| Passing and returning structures to/from function | ||
| Unions | ||
| Comparison between structure and union | ||
| Unit 9: File Handling (4 Hrs.) | ||
| Introduction to Files, Text and Binary Files | Lecture/Lab | |
| File Modes | ||
| File Operation (open, read, write, append, close) | ||
| Accessing the File sequentially and randomly | ||
| Unit 10: Introduction to Graphics (2 Hrs.) | ||
| Concepts of Graphics | Lecture/Lab | |
| Graphics Initialization and Modes | ||
| Introduction to Graphics Function |
Text Books
1. Gottfried, B. (2018). Programming with C. McGraw Hill Education.
2. Kelley, A. & Pohl, I. (1998). A Book on C. Pearson Education.
3. Kernighan, K.A. & Ritchie, D.M. (1988). The C programming Language. PHI Publication.
4. Srivastava, S. K. & Srivastava, D. (n.d), Programming in C: In Depth. BPB Publications.
5. Balagurusamy, E. (2019). Programming in ANSI C. TMH publication.
6. Schildt, H. (2000). C: The Complete Reference. Osborne/McGraw-Hill Publication.
Lab Works
The laboratory work includes writing C programs for implementing the concepts of C Tokens and datatypes, Formatted and unformatted Input/output, Branching control structure, Looping control structure, User-defined functions, Array, String handling function, Pointers, Structure and Union, and File handling.