Principles of Management

Concept of organization; Organizational goals: concept, purposes, and types; Features of effective organizational goals; Goal formulation: processes and approaches; Goal succession and displacement; Problems of goal formulation; Changing perspectives of organization.

Management: definition, characteristics, functions, principles; Managerial hierarchy; Types of managers; Managerial skills and roles; Management Careers; Emerging challenges for management.

Classical Theory: introduction, contribution and limitation; Human relations and Behavioral science theories; System Theory; Decision Theory; Management Science Theory; Contingency Theory; Emerging Management Concepts: workforce diversity, outsourcing, knowledge management, learning organization.

Concept of Business Environment; Types of Business Environment: internal and external. Basic Components of External Environment: economic, socio-cultural, political, and technological; Environmental Scanning: concept and methods; SWOT analysis; Social Responsibility of Business: concept and approaches; Areas of Social Responsibility. Business Ethics: meaning and significance; Emerging Business Environment in Nepal.

Planning: concept, types, process and importance; Elements of Decision Situation; Strategic Planning: fundamentals of strategic planning; Tactical Planning: comparing and coordinating strategic and tactical planning; The Planning and Levels of Management; Decision Making: definition and approaches, conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Management by Objectives (MBO): factors necessary for a successful MBO program; Decision Making: meaning, types and process; Group Decision Making: advantages and process.

Organizing: concept, principles and process; Approaches to Organizing: classical, behavioral, contingency. Departmentalization: meaning and types; Delegation of Authority: meaning, steps, obstacles; Eliminating Obstacles to the Delegation Process; Centralization and Decentralization: meaning, advantages and disadvantages; Concept of Organic and Mechanistic Views of Organization; Organization Architectures: vertical differentiation (tall versus flat hierarchies), horizontal differentiation (functional structure, multidimensional structure, geographic structure, and matrix structure); Modern Organizational Structures: team, network and 360 degree structure.

Leadership: Concept, functions, styles; Approaches to Leadership: trait, behavioral, and situational; Leadership Today: transformational, coaching, entrepreneurial leadership; Leadership Situations and Decisions; Team Management; Conflict: meaning and types; Managing Conflicts in Organization; Motivation: concept and process; Theories of Motivation: need hierarchy and motivation-hygiene; Strategies for Motivating Employees

Influencing: concept and fundamentals; Influencing people; Influencing subsystem; Communication: concept, structure, and process; Types of Communication: formal and informal, Interpersonal and nonverbal communication in organization; Barriers to Effective Communication; Enhancing Effective Communication.

Control Systems: concept, process, types, and characteristics of effective control system; Potential Barriers to Successful Controlling; Quality Control Systems; Total Quality Management (TQM): concept and tools; Deming Management: principles and techniques; The Quality Improvement Process;

Globalization: concept, effects; Fundamentals of International Management; Multinational Companies: meaning, types, advantages, and disadvantages; Digital dimensioning and Planning, Organizing, Influencing, and Controlling.

Growth of Business Sector in Nepal; Major Industries in Nepal: manufacturing, export oriented, import substitution, and service sector; Existing Management Practices and Business Culture in Nepalese Organization; Major Problems of Businesses in Nepal.