The topics include socio-cultural, economic, political-legal, technological, and global business environment incorporating business-government relations, performance of industry and agricultural sectors, business support agencies in Nepal, and financial sector policy reforms.

This course aims to equip students to examine environmental forces essentially influencing the business activities.

Unit 1: Introduction and Framework of Business Environment   (4 LHs) 
Introduction of business environment and its components, classification of business environment, framework of business environment; Environmental Scanning: process,
techniques, methods and types; emerging business environment in Nepal.

Unit 2: Understanding Firm-specific Environment (4 LHs) 
Definition and scope of the firm-specific business environment; importance of understandingthe internal dynamics of firms; organizational structure; organizational culture, role of culturein shaping employee behaviour and organizational performance, cultural alignment andstrategic fit; operations management, operations management principles, production
processes and capacity planning, supply chain management and logistics, qualitymanagement and continuous improvement; human resource management, humancompetencies and resources.

Unit 3: Understanding Macro Environment
a. Macroeconomic Environment 12 LHs
Dimensions of Nepalese economy; employment trends and labour market issues,labour migration on economic imbalance; economic development plans; industry andagricultural sectors-performance; economic policies and reforms- industrial policy,privatization policy, trade policy, tourism policy, and monetary policy; liberalizationof the Nepalese economy and capital market reforms, factors contributing tocompetitive business environment in Nepal; constitutional arrangement for economic environment in Nepal.

b. Political-Legal Environment 5 LHs
Political structure in Nepal; political structure of Nepal and business-governmentrelations in different levels of governments; political risks involved with Nepalesepolitical environment; Legal provisions on business start-ups, market regulation, and competitive environment; legislations relating to labour, finance, investment, intellectual property, e-business, and consumer protection.

c. Socio-cultural Environment 5 LH s 

Components of socio-cultural environment: shifting marriage age, female education,changing family structure and size, social organizations, class structure andclassification, acculturation and assimilation trends in Nepalese society, socio-cultural changes and their influence on business.

d. Technology, Energy Management and Natural Environment 4 LHs
Current status of technology in Nepal, technology transfer issues, IT Policy of Nepal,natural environmental issues, energy situation in Nepal, Natural environment :concept and issues; effects of natural environment in business; environment and energy management issues in Nepal; Artificial intelligence and future of business inNepal.

 e. Global Business Environment and Nepalese Business 6 LHs
Regional grouping of nations, regional trade agreements in South Asia– SAARC,SAPTA, SAFTA and BIMSTEC; Regional grouping related issues of Nepalesebusiness; Concept of globalization and its trends, foreign direct investment trends andcauses for low FDI inflow in Nepal, WTO membership and Nepalese business.

 Unit 4: Understanding Business Support Agencies in Nepal 8 LHs
Department of Industry (DoI); Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB); Nepal Chamber of Commerce (NCC); Trade and Export Promotion Centre (TEPC); Federation ofNepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI); Small and Cottage IndustryDevelopment Board (SCIDB); Nepal Trade Information Portal (NTIP); Ministry ofLabour, Employment and SocialSecurity; and Ministry of Industry, Commerce, andSupplies.