BITM Structured Programming

The C Language and its Advantages. The Structure of a C Program, Writing C Programs, Debugging a C Program. Examining and Running a C Application Program.

Data Types (integer, floating, character, type conversion, type definitions, sizeof operator).

Input/Output Management: printf(), scanf(). Conversion specifiers. Escape sequences.

Arithmetic operators: operator precedence and associativity. Assignment operators. Increment and decrement operators. Expression evaluation. Expression statements. Relational operator, logical operator, arithmetic assignment.

Logical expressions. If statement. Switch statement.

While. Do..while. For. Exiting from a loop (break, continue, goto).

One-dimensional array. Multidimensional array.

Defining and calling functions. Function declarations. Arguments. Return statement. Program termination (exit function).

Pointer variables. The address and indirection operators. Pointer assignment. Pointer as argument. Pointer as return values. Pointer Arithmetic. Using pointers for array processing. String literals, variables. Reading and writing strings. Using the C string library: strcpy, strlen, strcat, strcmp. Arrays of strings.

Structures, Arrays of Structures. Passing Structures to Functions. Nested Structures. Unions. enumerations. Dynamic Memory Allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc). Deallocating storage. Linked list (-> operator, creating, displaying, searching).

How the preprocessor works. The C Preprocessor and the #include and #define Directives. Macro definitions (simple, parameterized macros), general properties of macros. #if and #endif directives. The defined operator.

Streams: file pointers, standard streams and redirection, text files versus binary files. File operations: opening a file, modes, closing a file, attaching a file to an open stream, obtaining file names from the command line. File Input and Output, reading/writing data, structure to files, random access.