BITM Introduction to Computing and Information Technology

Definition, Characteristics and Application of computers. Generations and Classification (based on working mechanism and size) of Computer. Architecture, Von Neumann model. Introduction to Number Systems (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal) and conversion. Data representation (ASCII, Unicode).

Introduction to Hardware. CPU, Components of CPU. Primary memory and its Types (Registers, Cache Memory, ROM and its types, RAM and its types). Secondary storage (Hard Disk Drives, Magnetic Tapes, Optical disc, SSDs, USB Flash Drives and Memory Cards). Memory hierarchy. System Buses and its type. Input devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam, Joystick, Touch panel). Output devices (Monitor (CRT, LCD, LED, Plasma), Printer (Impact (Dot Matrix) and Non-Impact (Ink Jet and Laser)), Speakers). Motherboards (Definition and functions).

Introduction to Software, Types of Software (System, Application, and Utility Software). Introduction to Operating Systems. Function of and Types (On the basic of User interface, Function and Number of Users) of Operating System. Open-source vs proprietary software. Programming languages (machine level, Assembly level and High Level), Scripting Language (Server and client side), Language Translator (assembler, compiler, interpreter).

Introduction to Data and Information (Concept of data, information, and knowledge). Data representation and file organization. Database. Database approach vs. file-based system. DBMS, Components of DBMS, Data models (Introduction to Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object-Oriented). Introduction to Data Processing, Steps of Data processing (Data collection, Data preparation, Data input, Data processing, Data output, Data storage).

Network fundamentals (Definition of a Network, Purpose of Networking, Uses of Networking, Advantages and disadvantages of Networking), Components of Network. Transmission Media (Introduction to Guided and Unguided media). Network Topologies (Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh and Hybrid). Types of Networks (Based on size and architecture), Overview of OSI and TCP/IP model. Protocols (Introduction to IP, HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP, Telnet, SSL, HTTPS). IP address (Introduction of IPV4 and IPV6). Introduction to WWW and DNS. Internet, Intranet, Extranet. Web pages and Websites. Search Engines. Email. Introduction to E-commerce, E-governance, Digital Marketing and Social Media. Censorship and privacy issues.

Introduction to Multimedia (Definition, Characteristics and Importance). Multimedia Applications. Elements of a multimedia (Text, Image, Audio, Video and Animation). Image File Format (TIFF, JPEG, GIF, PNG).

Definition and concept of IT. Components of IT. Importance of IT in modern society. Role of IT in communication, education, business, and government. Definition and concept of Information System (IS). Relationship between IT and IS. Types of Information Systems (TPS, MIS, DSS, ESS). Role of IS in business decision-making.

Computer Crime. Malware (Virus, Worm, Trojan, spyware, ransomware, adware). Type of attack (Interception, Interruption, Modification and Fabrication). Antivirus and Anti-malware. Hacking and Cracking. Software Piracy and Anti-Piracy. Security goal (CIA Triad). Basic of cryptography (Encryption and Decryption). Introduction to Firewall and its application. Introduction and need of Cyber law.

Intellectual Property (Copyright, Patient, Trade Secrets). Intellectual Property Issues (Plagiarism, Reverse Engineering). IT ethics, professional codes of conduct. Ethics in Information Technology. Encouraging Ethical Use of IT Resources among Users. Ethical Hacking.

Overview of: AI, Machine Learning, Blockchain, VR/AR. Cloud Computing, Green Computing. Digital entrepreneurship. Emerging Trends in Data Management. Big Data and data analytics basics. Cloud-based data storage and management. Data governance. Data warehouses, data mining, cloud databases. Hybrid Storage: (Solid-State Hybrid Drives). IoT and Its integration in business. Smart City.